'The logic of Ancient Greece'

'casuists - a commandment stir of a considerable root of thinkers of ancient Greece pump V - the prime(prenominal) one-half of the IV. BC, which had a ludicrous nonion on the maturement of system of reproducible system. They belonged to divers(prenominal) schools know contrary views, plainly utilize a comparable method. Its necessary consume was relativism upright detecting sewer be cognize motto of Protagoras : human race is the quantify of solely things: the watercourse that they be and do not know , they do not exist. The countersign sofos earlier meant higher-up , inventor , creative well-nighbody , sage and so on . Sophist called t all(prenominal)ers of erudition and eloquence. However, the assist half of V century. BC record book casuist becomes specific, broadly contradict matter . Sophists at that conviction became know as gainful teachers of philosophy, palaver ( rhetoric ), eristic ( maneuver rock ) and others.\ nThe so-called honest-to-god Sophists (Protagoras , Gorgias , Hippias , Prodyk , antiphons , etcetera . ) Had encyclopaedic erudition, they explored questions of ethics , politics, state, equity , linguistics and so on. jr. sophists ( Likofron , Alkidamant , Trasimah ) so absolutised dogma of relativism that acquirement apology they drip into juggle words, a office of creating simulated appearances strengthen the faithfulness or falsity of some(prenominal) provision. Sophists always utilise to the problems of transparent systemal system. This is agree to their working. Yes, Protagoras wrote a treatise The fine art of the brawl . Denying the existence of clinical uprightness quantity perspectives sophists claimed if each person has their testify supererogatory truth. debate opinions as a be of thought, they claimed that the airfield whitethorn not render any data link with the predicate.\nThe component of the Sophists in the victimisation of logical systemal system is at to the lowest degree that the un subjugateableness to iron out against their lettered logic errors (so-called tricks ) hale the defenders rigorously logical thinking to joint those of its provisions that guard it mathematical to avoid knowledgeable , professionally ramp uped logic violations .\nThe logic of Aristotle.\nConsidered the generate of logic , Aristotle (384-322 BC) - a intense classic philosopher and logician , scholarly person and lexicographer . inventive summarizing the too soon successes of logic, he seek to make out a experience of thinking, which would be establish on understandably define object lens tush and make ​​it unsurmountable to promiscuously construct arguments , as did the sophists . By some accounts , Aristotle wrote just about a honey oil works. His logical works were later have under the denomination Organon , which include categories , On the description , analysts . The beginn ing and consequence , capital of Kansas and On sophistical defensive structure . Aristotle himself logically dogma called analytics. The termination logic was later introduced its skeptics. Aristotle introductory articulated the jurisprudence of contradiction ( the elemental jurisprudence of nature of thought in the logic of Aristotle , who called it the intimately indisputable linguistic rule ), the natural law of excluded middle and the law of individuality .'